The following quick start guides will show you how to run an Apache Pinot cluster using Kubernetes on different public cloud providers.

This document provides the basic instruction to set up a Kubernetes Cluster on Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)

1. Tooling Installation

1.1 Install Kubectl

Please follow this link (https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl) to install kubectl.

For Mac User

brew install kubernetes-cli

Please check kubectl version after installation.

kubectl version

1.2 Install Helm

Please follow this link (https://helm.sh/docs/using_helm/#installing-helm) to install helm.

For Mac User

brew install kubernetes-helm

Please check helm version after installation.

helm version

1.3 Install Azure CLI

Please follow this link (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli?view=azure-cli-latest) to install Azure CLI.

For Mac User

brew update && brew install azure-cli

2. (Optional) Login to your Azure account

Below script will open default browser to sign-in to your Azure Account.

az login

3. (Optional) Create a Resource Group

Below script will create a resource group in location eastus.

AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP=pinot-demo
AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP_LOCATION=eastus
az group create --name ${AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP} \
                --location ${AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP_LOCATION}

4. (Optional) Create a Kubernetes cluster(AKS) in Azure

Below script will create a 3 nodes cluster named pinot-quickstart for demo purposes.

Please modify the parameters in the example command below:

AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP=pinot-demo
AKS_CLUSTER_NAME=pinot-quickstart
az aks create --resource-group ${AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP} \
              --name ${AKS_CLUSTER_NAME} \
              --node-count 3

Once the command is succeed, it's ready to be used.

5. Connect to an existing cluster

Simply run below command to get the credential for the cluster pinot-quickstart that you just created or your existing cluster.

AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP=pinot-demo
AKS_CLUSTER_NAME=pinot-quickstart
az aks get-credentials --resource-group ${AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP} \
                       --name ${AKS_CLUSTER_NAME}

To verify the connection, you can run:

kubectl get nodes

6. Pinot Quickstart

Please follow this Kubernetes QuickStart to deploy your Pinot Demo.

7. Delete a Kubernetes Cluster

AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP=pinot-demo
AKS_CLUSTER_NAME=pinot-quickstart
az aks delete --resource-group ${AKS_RESOURCE_GROUP} \
              --name ${AKS_CLUSTER_NAME}

This document provides the basic instruction to set up a Kubernetes Cluster on Google Kubernetes Engine(GKE)

1. Tooling Installation

1.1 Install Kubectl

Please follow this link (https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl) to install kubectl.

For Mac User

brew install kubernetes-cli

Please check kubectl version after installation.

kubectl version

1.2 Install Helm

Please follow this link (https://helm.sh/docs/using_helm/#installing-helm) to install helm.

For Mac User

brew install kubernetes-helm

Please check helm version after installation.

helm version

1.3 Install Google Cloud SDK

__

Please follow this link (https://cloud.google.com/sdk/install) to install Google Cloud SDK.

1.3.1 For Mac User

• Install Google Cloud SDK

curl https://sdk.cloud.google.com | bash

• Restart your shell

exec -l $SHELL

2. (Optional) Initialize Google Cloud Environment

gcloud init

3. (Optional) Create a Kubernetes cluster(GKE) in Google Cloud

Below script will create a 3 nodes cluster named pinot-quickstart in us-west1-b with n1-standard-2 machines for demo purposes.

Please modify the parameters in the example command below:

GCLOUD_PROJECT=[your gcloud project name]
GCLOUD_ZONE=us-west1-b
GCLOUD_CLUSTER=pinot-quickstart
GCLOUD_MACHINE_TYPE=n1-standard-2
GCLOUD_NUM_NODES=3
gcloud container clusters create ${GCLOUD_CLUSTER} \
  --num-nodes=${GCLOUD_NUM_NODES} \
  --machine-type=${GCLOUD_MACHINE_TYPE} \
  --zone=${GCLOUD_ZONE} \
  --project=${GCLOUD_PROJECT}

You can monitor cluster status by command:

gcloud compute instances list

Once the cluster is in RUNNING status, it's ready to be used.

4. Connect to an existing cluster

Simply run below command to get the credential for the cluster pinot-quickstart that you just created or your existing cluster.

GCLOUD_PROJECT=[your gcloud project name]
GCLOUD_ZONE=us-west1-b
GCLOUD_CLUSTER=pinot-quickstart
gcloud container clusters get-credentials ${GCLOUD_CLUSTER} --zone ${GCLOUD_ZONE} --project ${GCLOUD_PROJECT}

To verify the connection, you can run:

kubectl get nodes

5. Pinot Quickstart

Please follow this Kubernetes QuickStart to deploy your Pinot Demo.

6. Delete a Kubernetes Cluster

GCLOUD_ZONE=us-west1-b
gcloud container clusters delete pinot-quickstart --zone=${GCLOUD_ZONE}

In this guide you'll learn how to download and install Apache Pinot as a standalone instance.

Download Apache Pinot

First, let's download the Pinot distribution for this tutorial. You can either build the distribution from source or download a packaged release.

# define the pinot version 
PINOT_VERSION=0.3.0

Build from source or download the distribution

# checkout pinot
git clone https://github.com/apache/incubator-pinot.git
cd incubator-pinot

# build pinot
mvn install package -DskipTests -Pbin-dist

# navigate to directory containing the setup scripts
cd pinot-distribution/target/apache-pinot-incubating-$PINOT_VERSION-bin/apache-pinot-incubating-$PINOT_VERSION-bin

wget https://downloads.apache.org/incubator/pinot/apache-pinot-incubating-$PINOT_VERSION/apache-pinot-incubating-$PINOT_VERSION-bin.tar.gz

# untar it
tar -zxvf apache-pinot-incubating-$PINOT_VERSION-bin.tar.gz

# navigate to directory containing the launcher scripts
cd apache-pinot-incubating-$PINOT_VERSION-bin

Setting up a Pinot cluster

We'll be using a quick-start script, which does the following:

1. Sets up the Pinot cluster QuickStartCluster

2. Creates a sample table and loads sample data

There's 3 kinds of quick start

Batch

Batch quick start creates the pinot cluster, creates an offline table baseballStats and pushes sample offline data to the table.

bin/quick-start-batch.sh

That's it! We've spun up a Pinot cluster. You can continue playing with other types of quick start, or simply head on to Pinot Data Explorer to check out the data in the baseballStats table.

Streaming

Streaming quick start sets up a Kafka cluster and pushes sample data to a Kafka topic. Then, it creates the Pinot cluster and creates a realtime table meetupRSVP which ingests data from the Kafka topic.

# stop previous quick start cluster, if any
bin/quick-start-streaming.sh

We now have a Pinot cluster with a realtime table! You can head over to Pinot Data Explorer to check out the data in the meetupRSVP table.

Hybrid

Hybrid quick start sets up a Kafka cluster and pushes sample data to a Kafka topic. Then, it creates the Pinot cluster and creates a hybrid table airlineStats . The realtime table ingests data from the Kafka topic. Lastly, sample data is pushed into the offline table.

# stop previous quick start cluster, if any
bin/quick-start-hybrid.sh

Let's head over to Pinot Data Explorer to check out the data we pushed to the airlineStats table.

1. Prerequisites

2. Setting up a Pinot cluster in Kubernetes

Before continuing, please make sure that you've downloaded Apache Pinot. The scripts for the setup in this guide can be found in our open source project on GitHub.

The scripts can be found in the Pinot source at ./incubator-pinot/kubernetes/helm

# checkout pinot
git clone https://github.com/apache/incubator-pinot.git
cd incubator-pinot/kubernetes/helm

2.1 Start Pinot with Helm

helm repo add pinot https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/incubator-pinot/master/kubernetes/helm
kubectl create ns pinot-quickstart
helm install pinot pinot/pinot \
    -n pinot-quickstart \
    --set cluster.name=pinot \
    --set server.replicaCount=2

helm dependency update

helm init --service-account tiller

helm install --namespace "pinot-quickstart" --name "pinot" .

kubectl create ns pinot-quickstart
helm install -n pinot-quickstart pinot .

Error: could not find tiller.

kubectl -n kube-system delete deployment tiller-deploy
kubectl -n kube-system delete service/tiller-deploy
helm init --service-account tiller

kubectl apply -f helm-rbac.yaml

2.2 Check Pinot deployment status

kubectl get all -n pinot-quickstart

3. Load data into Pinot using Kafka

3.1 Bring up a Kafka cluster for real-time data ingestion

helm repo add incubator http://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-charts-incubator
helm install -n pinot-quickstart kafka incubator/kafka --set replicas=1

helm repo add incubator http://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-charts-incubator
helm install --namespace "pinot-quickstart"  --name kafka incubator/kafka

3.2 Check Kafka deployment status

kubectl get all -n pinot-quickstart |grep kafka

Ensure the Kafka deployment is ready before executing the scripts in the following next steps.

pod/kafka-0                                          1/1     Running     0          2m
pod/kafka-zookeeper-0                                       1/1     Running     0          10m
pod/kafka-zookeeper-1                                       1/1     Running     0          9m
pod/kafka-zookeeper-2                                       1/1     Running     0          8m

3.3 Create Kafka topics

The scripts below will create two Kafka topics for data ingestion:

kubectl -n pinot-quickstart exec kafka-0 -- kafka-topics --zookeeper kafka-zookeeper:2181 --topic flights-realtime --create --partitions 1 --replication-factor 1
kubectl -n pinot-quickstart exec kafka-0 -- kafka-topics --zookeeper kafka-zookeeper:2181 --topic flights-realtime-avro --create --partitions 1 --replication-factor 1

3.4 Load data into Kafka and create Pinot schema/tables

The script below will deploy 3 batch jobs.

• Ingest 19492 JSON messages to Kafka topic flights-realtime at a speed of 1 msg/sec

• Ingest 19492 Avro messages to Kafka topic flights-realtime-avro at a speed of 1 msg/sec

• Upload Pinot schema airlineStats

• Create Pinot table airlineStats to ingest data from JSON encoded Kafka topic flights-realtime

• Create Pinot table airlineStatsAvro to ingest data from Avro encoded Kafka topic flights-realtime-avro

kubectl apply -f pinot-realtime-quickstart.yml

4. Query using Pinot Data Explorer

4.1 Pinot Data Explorer

Please use the script below to perform local port-forwarding, which will also open Pinot query console in your default web browser.

This script can be found in the Pinot source at ./incubator-pinot/kubernetes/helm

./query-pinot-data.sh

5. Using Superset to query Pinot

5.1 Bring up Superset

kubectl apply -f superset.yaml

5.2 (First time) Set up Admin account

kubectl exec -it pod/superset-0 -n pinot-quickstart -- bash -c 'flask fab create-admin'

5.3 (First time) Init Superset

kubectl exec -it pod/superset-0 -n pinot-quickstart -- bash -c 'superset db upgrade'
kubectl exec -it pod/superset-0 -n pinot-quickstart -- bash -c 'superset init'

5.4 Load Demo data source

kubectl exec -it pod/superset-0 -n pinot-quickstart -- bash -c 'superset import_datasources -p /etc/superset/pinot_example_datasource.yaml'
kubectl exec -it pod/superset-0 -n pinot-quickstart -- bash -c 'superset import_dashboards -p /etc/superset/pinot_example_dashboard.json'

5.5 Access Superset UI

You can run below command to navigate superset in your browser with the previous admin credential.

./open-superset-ui.sh

You can open the imported dashboard by clicking Dashboards banner and then click on AirlineStats.

6. Access Pinot using Presto

6.1 Deploy Presto using Pinot plugin

You can run the command below to deploy a customized Presto with Pinot plugin installed.

helm install presto pinot/presto -n pinot

kubectl apply -f presto-coordinator.yaml

6.2 Query Presto using Presto CLI

Once Presto is deployed, you can run the command below.

./pinot-presto-cli.sh

6.3 Sample queries to execute

• List all catalogs

presto:default> show catalogs;

 Catalog
---------
 pinot
 system
(2 rows)

Query 20191112_050827_00003_xkm4g, FINISHED, 1 node
Splits: 19 total, 19 done (100.00%)
0:01 [0 rows, 0B] [0 rows/s, 0B/s]

• List All tables

presto:default> show tables;

    Table
--------------
 airlinestats
(1 row)

Query 20191112_050907_00004_xkm4g, FINISHED, 1 node
Splits: 19 total, 19 done (100.00%)
0:01 [1 rows, 29B] [1 rows/s, 41B/s]

• Show schema

presto:default> DESCRIBE pinot.dontcare.airlinestats;

        Column        |  Type   | Extra | Comment
----------------------+---------+-------+---------
 flightnum            | integer |       |
 origin               | varchar |       |
 quarter              | integer |       |
 lateaircraftdelay    | integer |       |
 divactualelapsedtime | integer |       |
......

Query 20191112_051021_00005_xkm4g, FINISHED, 1 node
Splits: 19 total, 19 done (100.00%)
0:02 [80 rows, 6.06KB] [35 rows/s, 2.66KB/s]

• Count total documents

presto:default> select count(*) as cnt from pinot.dontcare.airlinestats limit 10;

 cnt
------
 9745
(1 row)

Query 20191112_051114_00006_xkm4g, FINISHED, 1 node
Splits: 17 total, 17 done (100.00%)
0:00 [1 rows, 8B] [2 rows/s, 19B/s]

7. Deleting the Pinot cluster in Kubernetes

kubectl delete ns pinot-quickstart

Create an isolated bridge network in docker

docker network create -d bridge pinot-demo

We'll be using our docker image apachepinot/pinot:latest to run this quick start, which does the following:

• Sets up the Pinot cluster

• Creates a sample table and loads sample data

There are 3 types of quick start examples.

• Batch example

• Streaming example

• Hybrid example

Batch example

In this example we demonstrate how to do batch processing with Pinot.

• Starts Pinot deployment by starting

  • Apache Zookeeper

  • Pinot Controller

  • Pinot Broker

  • Pinot Server

• Creates a demo table

  • baseballStats

• Launches a standalone data ingestion job

  • Builds one Pinot segment for a given CSV data file for table baseballStats

  • Pushes the built segment to the Pinot controller

• Issues sample queries to Pinot

docker run \
    --network=pinot-demo \
    --name pinot-quickstart \
    -p 9000:9000 \
    -d apachepinot/pinot:latest QuickStart \
    -type batch

Once the Docker container is running, you can view the logs by running the following command.

docker logs pinot-quickstart -f

That's it! We've spun up a Pinot cluster.

docker logs pinot-quickstart -f

Your cluster is ready once you see the cluster setup completion messages and sample queries, as demonstrated below.

You can head over to Exploring Pinot to check out the data in the baseballStats table.

Streaming example

In this example we demonstrate how to do stream processing with Pinot.

• Starts Pinot deployment by starting

  • Apache Kafka

  • Apache Zookeeper

  • Pinot Controller

  • Pinot Broker

  • Pinot Server

• Creates a demo table

  • meetupRsvp

• Launches a meetup **stream

• Publishes data to a Kafka topic meetupRSVPEvents to be subscribed to by Pinot

• Issues sample queries to Pinot

# stop previous container, if any, or use different network
docker run \
    --network=pinot-demo \
    --name pinot-quickstart \
    -p 9000:9000 \
    -d apachepinot/pinot:latest QuickStart \
    -type stream

Once the cluster is up, you can head over to Exploring Pinot to check out the data in the meetupRSVPEvents table.

Hybrid example

In this example we demonstrate how to do hybrid stream and batch processing with Pinot.

1. Starts Pinot deployment by starting

   • Apache Kafka

   • Apache Zookeeper

   • Pinot Controller

   • Pinot Broker

   • Pinot Server

2. Creates a demo table

   • airlineStats

3. Launches a standalone data ingestion job

   • Builds Pinot segments under a given directory of Avro files for table airlineStats

   • Pushes built segments to Pinot controller

4. Launches a **stream of flights stats

5. Publishes data to a Kafka topic airlineStatsEvents to be subscribed to by Pinot

6. Issues sample queries to Pinot

# stop previous container, if any, or use different network
docker run \
    --network=pinot-demo \
    --name pinot-quickstart \
    -p 9000:9000 \
    -d apachepinot/pinot:latest QuickStart \
    -type hybrid

Once the cluster is up, you can head over to Exploring Pinot to check out the data in the airlineStats table.

Ingestion

How do I flatten my JSON Kafka stream?

We have toJsonStr(key) function which can store a top level json field as a STRING in Pinot.

Then you can use jsonExtractScalar(JSON_STRING_FIELD, JSON_PATH, OUTPUT_FORMAT) function during query time to fetch the desired field from the json string. For example

Select jsonExtractScalar(myJsonMapStr,'$.k1','STRING') 
    from myTable  
    where jsonExtractScalar(myJsonMapStr,'$.k1','STRING') = 'value-k1-0'"

Select sum(jsonExtractScalar(complexMapStr,'$.k4.met','INT')) 
    from myTable 
    group by jsonExtractScalar(complexMapStr,'$.k1','STRING')

Indexing

How to set inverted indexes?

Inverted indexes are set in the tableConfig's tableIndexConfig -> invertedIndexColumns list. Here's the documentation for tableIndexConfig: https://docs.pinot.apache.org/basics/components/table#tableindexconfig-1 along with a sample table that has set inverted indexes on some columns.

Applying inverted indexes to a table config will generate inverted index to all new segments. In order to apply the inverted indexes to all existing segments, follow steps in How to apply inverted index to existing setup?

How to apply inverted index to existing setup?

1. Add the columns you wish to index to the tableIndexConfig-> invertedIndexColumns list. This sample table config show inverted indexes set: https://docs.pinot.apache.org/basics/components/table#offline-table-config To update the table config use the Pinot Swagger API: http://localhost:9000/help#!/Table/updateTableConfig

2. Invoke the reload API: http://localhost:9000/help#!/Segment/reloadAllSegments

Right now, there’s no easy way to confirm that reload succeeded. One way it to check out the index_map file inside the segment metadata, you should see inverted index entries for the new columns. An API for this is coming soon: https://github.com/apache/incubator-pinot/issues/5390

How to apply star tree index?

Querying

What are all the fields in the Pinot query's JSON response?

Here's the page explaining the Pinot response format: https://docs.pinot.apache.org/users/api/querying-pinot-using-standard-sql/response-format

SQL Query fails with "Encountered 'timestamp' was expecting one of..."

"timestamp" is a reserved keyword in SQL. Escape timestamp with double quotes.

select "timestamp" from myTable

Other commonly encountered reserved keywords are date, time, table.

Filtering on STRING column WHERE column = "foo" does not work?

For filtering on STRING columns, use single quotes

SELECT COUNT(*) from myTable WHERE column = 'foo'

ORDER BY using an alias doesn't work?

The fields in the ORDER BY clause must be one of the group by clauses or aggregations, BEFORE applying the alias. Therefore, this will not work

SELECT count(colA) as aliasA, colA from tableA GROUP BY colA ORDER BY aliasA

Instead, this will work

SELECT count(colA) as sumA, colA from tableA GROUP BY colA ORDER BY count(colA)

Operations

Can I change a column name in my table, without losing data?

How to change number of replicas of a table?

You can change the number of replicas by updating the table config's segmentsConfig section. Make sure you have at least as many servers as the replication.

For OFFLINE table, update replication

{ 
    "tableName": "pinotTable", 
    "tableType": "OFFLINE", 
    "segmentsConfig": {
      "replication": "3", 
      ... 
    }
    ..

For REALTIME table update replicasPerPartition

{ 
    "tableName": "pinotTable", 
    "tableType": "REALTIME", 
    "segmentsConfig": {
      "replicasPerPartition": "3", 
      ... 
    }
    ..

After changing the replication, run a table rebalance.

How to run a rebalance on a table?

A rebalance is run to reassign all the segments of a table to the available servers. This is typically done when capacity changes are done i.e. adding more servers or removing servers from a table.

Offline

Use the rebalance API from the Swagger APIs on the controller http://localhost:9000/help#!/Table/rebalance, with tableType OFFLINE

Realtime

Use the rebalance API from the Swagger APIs on the controller http://localhost:9000/help#!/Table/rebalance, with tableType REALTIME. A realtime table has 2 components, the consuming segments and the completed segments. By default, only the completed segments will get rebalanced. The consuming segments will pick the right assignment once they complete. But you can enforce the consuming segments to also be included in the rebalance, by setting the param includeConsuming to true. Note that rebalancing the consuming segments would mean the consuming segment will drop the consumed data so far, and restart consumption from the last offset, which may lead to a short duration of data staleness.

You can check the status of the rebalance by

1. Checking the controller logs

2. Running rebalance again after a while, you should receive status "status": "NO_OP"

3. Checking the External View of the table, to see the changes in capacity/replicas have taken effect.

Tuning and Optimizations

Do replica groups work for real-time?

Yes, replica groups work for realtime. There's 2 parts to enabling replica groups:

1. Replica groups segment assignment

2. Replica group query routing

Replica group segment assignment

Replica group segment assignment is achieved in realtime, if number of servers is a multiple of number of replicas. The partitions get uniformly sprayed across the servers, creating replica groups.

For example, consider we have 6 partitions, 2 replicas, and 4 servers.

As you can see, the set (S0, S2) contains r1 of every partition, and (s1, S3) contains r2 of every partition. The query will only be routed to one of the sets, and not span every server. If you are are adding/removing servers from an existing table setup, you have to run rebalance for segment assignment changes to take effect.

Replica group query routing

Once replica group segment assignment is in effect, the query routing can take advantage of it. For replica group based query routing, set the following in the table config's routing section, and then restart brokers

{
    "tableName": "pinotTable", 
    "tableType": "REALTIME",
    "routing": {
        "instanceSelectorType": "replicaGroup"
    }
    ..
}

So far, we setup our cluster, ran some queries on the demo tables and explored the admin endpoints. We also uploaded some sample batch data for transcript table.

Now, it's time to ingest from a sample stream into Pinot.

Data Stream

First, we need to setup a stream. Pinot has out-of-the-box realtime ingestion support for Kafka. Other streams can be plugged in, more details in Pluggable Streams.

Let's setup a demo Kafka cluster locally, and create a sample topic transcript-topic

docker run \
    --network pinot-demo --name=kafka \
    -e KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT=pinot-quickstart:2123/kafka \
    -e KAFKA_BROKER_ID=0 \
    -e KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME=kafka \
    -d wurstmeister/kafka:latest

docker exec \
  -t kafka \
  /opt/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh \
  --zookeeper pinot-quickstart:2123/kafka \
  --partitions=1 --replication-factor=1 \
  --create --topic transcript-topic

bin/pinot-admin.sh  StartKafka -zkAddress=localhost:2123/kafka -port 9876

bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --bootstrap-server localhost:9876 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic transcript-topic

Creating a Schema

If you followed the Batch upload sample data, you have already pushed a schema for your sample table. If not, head over to Creating a schema on that page, to learn how to create a schema for your sample data.

Creating a table config

If you followed Batch upload sample data, you learnt how to push an offline table and schema. Similar to the offline table config, we will create a realtime table config for the sample. Here's the realtime table config for the transcript table. For a more detailed overview about table, checkout Table.

{
  "tableName": "transcript",
  "tableType": "REALTIME",
  "segmentsConfig": {
    "timeColumnName": "timestamp",
    "timeType": "MILLISECONDS",
    "schemaName": "transcript",
    "replicasPerPartition": "1"
  },
  "tenants": {},
  "tableIndexConfig": {
    "loadMode": "MMAP",
    "streamConfigs": {
      "streamType": "kafka",
      "stream.kafka.consumer.type": "lowlevel",
      "stream.kafka.topic.name": "transcript-topic",
      "stream.kafka.decoder.class.name": "org.apache.pinot.plugin.stream.kafka.KafkaJSONMessageDecoder",
      "stream.kafka.consumer.factory.class.name": "org.apache.pinot.plugin.stream.kafka20.KafkaConsumerFactory",
      "stream.kafka.broker.list": "localhost:9876",
      "realtime.segment.flush.threshold.time": "3600000",
      "realtime.segment.flush.threshold.size": "50000",
      "stream.kafka.consumer.prop.auto.offset.reset": "smallest"
    }
  },
  "metadata": {
    "customConfigs": {}
  }
}

Uploading your schema and table config

Now that we have our table and schema, let's upload them to the cluster. As soon as the realtime table is created, it will begin ingesting from the Kafka topic.

docker run \
    --network=pinot-demo \
    -v /tmp/pinot-quick-start:/tmp/pinot-quick-start \
    --name pinot-streaming-table-creation \
    apachepinot/pinot:latest AddTable \
    -schemaFile /tmp/pinot-quick-start/transcript-schema.json \
    -tableConfigFile /tmp/pinot-quick-start/transcript-table-realtime.json \
    -controllerHost pinot-quickstart \
    -controllerPort 9000 \
    -exec

bin/pinot-admin.sh AddTable \
    -schemaFile /tmp/pinot-quick-start/transcript-schema.json \
    -tableConfigFile /tmp/pinot-quick-start/transcript-table-realtime.json \
    -exec

Loading sample data into stream

Here's a JSON file for transcript table data:

{"studentID":205,"firstName":"Natalie","lastName":"Jones","gender":"Female","subject":"Maths","score":3.8,"timestamp":1571900400000}
{"studentID":205,"firstName":"Natalie","lastName":"Jones","gender":"Female","subject":"History","score":3.5,"timestamp":1571900400000}
{"studentID":207,"firstName":"Bob","lastName":"Lewis","gender":"Male","subject":"Maths","score":3.2,"timestamp":1571900400000}
{"studentID":207,"firstName":"Bob","lastName":"Lewis","gender":"Male","subject":"Chemistry","score":3.6,"timestamp":1572418800000}
{"studentID":209,"firstName":"Jane","lastName":"Doe","gender":"Female","subject":"Geography","score":3.8,"timestamp":1572505200000}
{"studentID":209,"firstName":"Jane","lastName":"Doe","gender":"Female","subject":"English","score":3.5,"timestamp":1572505200000}
{"studentID":209,"firstName":"Jane","lastName":"Doe","gender":"Female","subject":"Maths","score":3.2,"timestamp":1572678000000}
{"studentID":209,"firstName":"Jane","lastName":"Doe","gender":"Female","subject":"Physics","score":3.6,"timestamp":1572678000000}
{"studentID":211,"firstName":"John","lastName":"Doe","gender":"Male","subject":"Maths","score":3.8,"timestamp":1572678000000}
{"studentID":211,"firstName":"John","lastName":"Doe","gender":"Male","subject":"English","score":3.5,"timestamp":1572678000000}
{"studentID":211,"firstName":"John","lastName":"Doe","gender":"Male","subject":"History","score":3.2,"timestamp":1572854400000}
{"studentID":212,"firstName":"Nick","lastName":"Young","gender":"Male","subject":"History","score":3.6,"timestamp":1572854400000}

Push sample JSON into Kafka topic, using the Kafka script from the Kafka download

bin/kafka-console-producer.sh \
    --broker-list localhost:9876 \
    --topic transcript-topic < /tmp/pinot-quick-start/rawData/transcript.json

Ingesting streaming data

As soon as data flows into the stream, the Pinot table will consume it and it will be ready for querying. Head over to the Query Console to checkout the realtime data

Running Pinot

We want your experience getting started with Pinot to be both low effort and high reward. Here you'll find a collection of quick start guides that contain starter distributions of the Pinot platform.

Bootstrapping a cluster

Deploy to a public cloud

How to setup a Pinot cluster

This video will show you a step-by-step walk through for launching the individual components of Pinot and scaling them to multiple instances. This is an excellent resource for developers and operators that want to understand setting up each component and debugging a cluster.

We also have a step-by-step guide for manually setting up a Pinot cluster using Docker or shell scripts.

Data import examples

Getting data into Pinot is easy. Take a look at these two quick start guides which will help you get up and running with sample data for offline and real-time tables.

So far, we setup our cluster, ran some queries, explored the admin endpoints. Now, it's time to get our own data into Pinot

Preparing your data

Let's gather our data files and put it in pinot-quick-start/rawdata.

mkdir -p /tmp/pinot-quick-start/rawdata

Supported file formats are CVS, JSON, AVRO, PARQUET, THRIFT, ORC. If you don't have sample data, you can use this sample CSV.

studentID,firstName,lastName,gender,subject,score,timestamp
200,Lucy,Smith,Female,Maths,3.8,1570863600000
200,Lucy,Smith,Female,English,3.5,1571036400000
201,Bob,King,Male,Maths,3.2,1571900400000
202,Nick,Young,Male,Physics,3.6,1572418800000

Creating a schema

Schema is used to define the columns and data types of the Pinot table. A detailed overview of the schema can be found in Schema.

Briefly, we categorize our columns into 3 types

For example, in our sample table, the playerID, yearID, teamID, league, playerName columns are the dimensions, the playerStint, numberOfgames, numberOfGamesAsBatter, AtBatting, runs, hits, doules, triples, homeRuns, runsBattedIn, stolenBases, caughtStealing, baseOnBalls, strikeouts, intentionalWalks, hitsByPitch, sacrificeHits, sacrificeFlies, groundedIntoDoublePlays, G_old columns are the metrics and there is no time column.

Once you have identified the dimensions, metrics and time columns, create a schema for your data, using the reference below.

{
  "schemaName": "transcript",
  "dimensionFieldSpecs": [
    {
      "name": "studentID",
      "dataType": "INT"
    },
    {
      "name": "firstName",
      "dataType": "STRING"
    },
    {
      "name": "lastName",
      "dataType": "STRING"
    },
    {
      "name": "gender",
      "dataType": "STRING"
    },
    {
      "name": "subject",
      "dataType": "STRING"
    }
  ],
  "metricFieldSpecs": [
    {
      "name": "score",
      "dataType": "FLOAT"
    }
  ],
  "dateTimeFieldSpecs": [{
    "name": "timestamp",
    "dataType": "LONG",
    "format" : "1:MILLISECONDS:EPOCH",
    "granularity": "1:MILLISECONDS"
  }]
}

Creating a table config

A table config is used to define the config related to the Pinot table. A detailed overview of the table can be found in Table.

Here's the table config for the sample CSV file. You can use this as a reference to build your own table config. Simply edit the tableName and schemaName.

{
  "tableName": "transcript",
  "segmentsConfig" : {
    "timeColumnName": "timestamp",
    "timeType": "MILLISECONDS",
    "replication" : "1",
    "schemaName" : "transcript"
  },
  "tableIndexConfig" : {
    "invertedIndexColumns" : [],
    "loadMode"  : "MMAP"
  },
  "tenants" : {
    "broker":"DefaultTenant",
    "server":"DefaultTenant"
  },
  "tableType":"OFFLINE",
  "metadata": {}
}

Uploading your table config and schema

Check the directory structure so far

$ ls /tmp/pinot-quick-start
rawdata            transcript-schema.json    transcript-table-offline.json

$ ls /tmp/pinot-quick-start/rawdata 
transcript.csv

Upload the table config using the following command

docker run --rm -ti \
    --network=pinot-demo \
    -v /tmp/pinot-quick-start:/tmp/pinot-quick-start \
    --name pinot-batch-table-creation \
    apachepinot/pinot:latest AddTable \
    -schemaFile /tmp/pinot-quick-start/transcript-schema.json \
    -tableConfigFile /tmp/pinot-quick-start/transcript-table-offline.json \
    -controllerHost pinot-quickstart \
    -controllerPort 9000 -exec

bin/pinot-admin.sh AddTable \
  -tableConfigFile /tmp/pinot-quick-start/transcript-table-offline.json \
  -schemaFile /tmp/pinot-quick-start/transcript-schema.json -exec

Check out the table config and schema in the Rest API to make sure it was successfully uploaded.

Creating a segment

A Pinot table's data is stored as Pinot segments. A detailed overview of the segment can be found in Segment.

To generate a segment, we need to first create a job spec yaml file. JobSpec yaml file has all the information regarding data format, input data location and pinot cluster coordinates. You can just copy over this job spec file. If you're using your own data, be sure to 1) replace transcript with your table name 2) set the right recordReaderSpec

executionFrameworkSpec:
  name: 'standalone'
  segmentGenerationJobRunnerClassName: 'org.apache.pinot.plugin.ingestion.batch.standalone.SegmentGenerationJobRunner'
  segmentTarPushJobRunnerClassName: 'org.apache.pinot.plugin.ingestion.batch.standalone.SegmentTarPushJobRunner'
  segmentUriPushJobRunnerClassName: 'org.apache.pinot.plugin.ingestion.batch.standalone.SegmentUriPushJobRunner'
jobType: SegmentCreationAndTarPush
inputDirURI: '/tmp/pinot-quick-start/rawdata/'
includeFileNamePattern: 'glob:**/*.csv'
outputDirURI: '/tmp/pinot-quick-start/segments/'
overwriteOutput: true
pinotFSSpecs:
  - scheme: file
    className: org.apache.pinot.spi.filesystem.LocalPinotFS
recordReaderSpec:
  dataFormat: 'csv'
  className: 'org.apache.pinot.plugin.inputformat.csv.CSVRecordReader'
  configClassName: 'org.apache.pinot.plugin.inputformat.csv.CSVRecordReaderConfig'
tableSpec:
  tableName: 'transcript'
  schemaURI: 'http://localhost:9000/tables/transcript/schema'
  tableConfigURI: 'http://localhost:9000/tables/transcript'
pinotClusterSpecs:
  - controllerURI: 'http://localhost:9000'

executionFrameworkSpec:
  name: 'standalone'
  segmentGenerationJobRunnerClassName: 'org.apache.pinot.plugin.ingestion.batch.standalone.SegmentGenerationJobRunner'
  segmentTarPushJobRunnerClassName: 'org.apache.pinot.plugin.ingestion.batch.standalone.SegmentTarPushJobRunner'
  segmentUriPushJobRunnerClassName: 'org.apache.pinot.plugin.ingestion.batch.standalone.SegmentUriPushJobRunner'
jobType: SegmentCreationAndTarPush
inputDirURI: '/tmp/pinot-quick-start/rawdata/'
includeFileNamePattern: 'glob:**/*.csv'
outputDirURI: '/tmp/pinot-quick-start/segments/'
overwriteOutput: true
pinotFSSpecs:
  - scheme: file
    className: org.apache.pinot.spi.filesystem.LocalPinotFS
recordReaderSpec:
  dataFormat: 'csv'
  className: 'org.apache.pinot.plugin.inputformat.csv.CSVRecordReader'
  configClassName: 'org.apache.pinot.plugin.inputformat.csv.CSVRecordReaderConfig'
tableSpec:
  tableName: 'transcript'
  schemaURI: 'http://pinot-quickstart:9000/tables/transcript/schema'
  tableConfigURI: 'http://pinot-quickstart:9000/tables/transcript'
pinotClusterSpecs:
  - controllerURI: 'http://pinot-quickstart:9000'

Use the following command to generate a segment and upload it

docker run --rm -ti \
    --network=pinot-demo \
    -v /tmp/pinot-quick-start:/tmp/pinot-quick-start \
    --name pinot-data-ingestion-job \
    apachepinot/pinot:latest LaunchDataIngestionJob \
    -jobSpecFile /tmp/pinot-quick-start/docker-job-spec.yml

bin/pinot-admin.sh LaunchDataIngestionJob \
    -jobSpecFile /tmp/pinot-quick-start/batch-job-spec.yml

Sample output

SegmentGenerationJobSpec: 
!!org.apache.pinot.spi.ingestion.batch.spec.SegmentGenerationJobSpec
excludeFileNamePattern: null
executionFrameworkSpec: {extraConfigs: null, name: standalone, segmentGenerationJobRunnerClassName: org.apache.pinot.plugin.ingestion.batch.standalone.SegmentGenerationJobRunner,
  segmentTarPushJobRunnerClassName: org.apache.pinot.plugin.ingestion.batch.standalone.SegmentTarPushJobRunner,
  segmentUriPushJobRunnerClassName: org.apache.pinot.plugin.ingestion.batch.standalone.SegmentUriPushJobRunner}
includeFileNamePattern: glob:**\/*.csv
inputDirURI: /tmp/pinot-quick-start/rawdata/
jobType: SegmentCreationAndTarPush
outputDirURI: /tmp/pinot-quick-start/segments
overwriteOutput: true
pinotClusterSpecs:
- {controllerURI: 'http://localhost:9000'}
pinotFSSpecs:
- {className: org.apache.pinot.spi.filesystem.LocalPinotFS, configs: null, scheme: file}
pushJobSpec: null
recordReaderSpec: {className: org.apache.pinot.plugin.inputformat.csv.CSVRecordReader,
  configClassName: org.apache.pinot.plugin.inputformat.csv.CSVRecordReaderConfig,
  configs: null, dataFormat: csv}
segmentNameGeneratorSpec: null
tableSpec: {schemaURI: 'http://localhost:9000/tables/transcript/schema', tableConfigURI: 'http://localhost:9000/tables/transcript',
  tableName: transcript}

Trying to create instance for class org.apache.pinot.plugin.ingestion.batch.standalone.SegmentGenerationJobRunner
Initializing PinotFS for scheme file, classname org.apache.pinot.spi.filesystem.LocalPinotFS
Finished building StatsCollector!
Collected stats for 4 documents
Using fixed bytes value dictionary for column: studentID, size: 9
Created dictionary for STRING column: studentID with cardinality: 3, max length in bytes: 3, range: 200 to 202
Using fixed bytes value dictionary for column: firstName, size: 12
Created dictionary for STRING column: firstName with cardinality: 3, max length in bytes: 4, range: Bob to Nick
Using fixed bytes value dictionary for column: lastName, size: 15
Created dictionary for STRING column: lastName with cardinality: 3, max length in bytes: 5, range: King to Young
Created dictionary for FLOAT column: score with cardinality: 4, range: 3.2 to 3.8
Using fixed bytes value dictionary for column: gender, size: 12
Created dictionary for STRING column: gender with cardinality: 2, max length in bytes: 6, range: Female to Male
Using fixed bytes value dictionary for column: subject, size: 21
Created dictionary for STRING column: subject with cardinality: 3, max length in bytes: 7, range: English to Physics
Created dictionary for LONG column: timestamp with cardinality: 4, range: 1570863600000 to 1572418800000
Start building IndexCreator!
Finished records indexing in IndexCreator!
Finished segment seal!
Converting segment: /var/folders/3z/qn6k60qs6ps1bb6s2c26gx040000gn/T/pinot-1583443148720/output/transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0 to v3 format
v3 segment location for segment: transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0 is /var/folders/3z/qn6k60qs6ps1bb6s2c26gx040000gn/T/pinot-1583443148720/output/transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0/v3
Deleting files in v1 segment directory: /var/folders/3z/qn6k60qs6ps1bb6s2c26gx040000gn/T/pinot-1583443148720/output/transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0
Starting building 1 star-trees with configs: [StarTreeV2BuilderConfig[splitOrder=[studentID, firstName],skipStarNodeCreation=[],functionColumnPairs=[org.apache.pinot.core.startree.v2.AggregationFunctionColumnPair@3a48efdc],maxLeafRecords=1]] using OFF_HEAP builder
Starting building star-tree with config: StarTreeV2BuilderConfig[splitOrder=[studentID, firstName],skipStarNodeCreation=[],functionColumnPairs=[org.apache.pinot.core.startree.v2.AggregationFunctionColumnPair@3a48efdc],maxLeafRecords=1]
Generated 3 star-tree records from 4 segment records
Finished constructing star-tree, got 9 tree nodes and 4 records under star-node
Finished creating aggregated documents, got 6 aggregated records
Finished building star-tree in 10ms
Finished building 1 star-trees in 27ms
Computed crc = 3454627653, based on files [/var/folders/3z/qn6k60qs6ps1bb6s2c26gx040000gn/T/pinot-1583443148720/output/transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0/v3/columns.psf, /var/folders/3z/qn6k60qs6ps1bb6s2c26gx040000gn/T/pinot-1583443148720/output/transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0/v3/index_map, /var/folders/3z/qn6k60qs6ps1bb6s2c26gx040000gn/T/pinot-1583443148720/output/transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0/v3/metadata.properties, /var/folders/3z/qn6k60qs6ps1bb6s2c26gx040000gn/T/pinot-1583443148720/output/transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0/v3/star_tree_index, /var/folders/3z/qn6k60qs6ps1bb6s2c26gx040000gn/T/pinot-1583443148720/output/transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0/v3/star_tree_index_map]
Driver, record read time : 0
Driver, stats collector time : 0
Driver, indexing time : 0
Tarring segment from: /var/folders/3z/qn6k60qs6ps1bb6s2c26gx040000gn/T/pinot-1583443148720/output/transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0 to: /var/folders/3z/qn6k60qs6ps1bb6s2c26gx040000gn/T/pinot-1583443148720/output/transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0.tar.gz
Size for segment: transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0, uncompressed: 6.73KB, compressed: 1.89KB
Trying to create instance for class org.apache.pinot.plugin.ingestion.batch.standalone.SegmentTarPushJobRunner
Initializing PinotFS for scheme file, classname org.apache.pinot.spi.filesystem.LocalPinotFS
Start pushing segments: [/tmp/pinot-quick-start/segments/transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0.tar.gz]... to locations: [org.apache.pinot.spi.ingestion.batch.spec.PinotClusterSpec@243c4f91] for table transcript
Pushing segment: transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0 to location: http://localhost:9000 for table transcript
Sending request: http://localhost:9000/v2/segments?tableName=transcript to controller: nehas-mbp.hsd1.ca.comcast.net, version: Unknown
Response for pushing table transcript segment transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0 to location http://localhost:9000 - 200: {"status":"Successfully uploaded segment: transcript_OFFLINE_1570863600000_1572418800000_0 of table: transcript"}

Check that your segment made it to the table using the Rest API

Querying your data

You're all set! You should see your table in the Query Console and be able to run queries against it now.

Start Pinot components (scripts or docker images)

This document provides the basic instruction to set up a Kubernetes Cluster on

1. Tooling Installation

1.1 Install Kubectl

Please follow this link () to install kubectl.

For Mac User

Please check kubectl version after installation.

1.2 Install Helm

Please follow this link () to install helm.

For Mac User

Please check helm version after installation.

1.3 Install AWS CLI

__

For Mac User

1.4 Install Eksctl

For Mac User

2. (Optional) Login to your AWS account.

3. (Optional) Create a Kubernetes cluster(EKS) in AWS

Below script will create a 3 nodes cluster named pinot-quickstart in us-west-2 with t3.small machines for demo purposes.

Please modify the parameters in the example command below:

You can monitor cluster status by command:

Once the cluster is in ACTIVE status, it's ready to be used.

4. Connect to an existing cluster

Simply run below command to get the credential for the cluster pinot-quickstart that you just created or your existing cluster.

To verify the connection, you can run:

5. Pinot Quickstart

6. Delete a Kubernetes Cluster