Function Index

This page provides a comprehensive A-Z reference of the most commonly used functions in Apache Pinot, organized by category. Each category section links to its detailed documentation page with full syntax, parameters, and examples.

Functions are available in the Single-Stage Engine (SSE), the Multi-Stage Engine (MSE), or both. Window functions require the multi-stage engine.

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Aggregation Functions

For full details, see Aggregation Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
COUNT	COUNT(*) or COUNT(col)	LONG	Counts the number of rows	Both
MIN	MIN(col)	DOUBLE	Returns the minimum value	Both
MAX	MAX(col)	DOUBLE	Returns the maximum value	Both
SUM	SUM(col)	DOUBLE	Returns the sum of values	Both
AVG	AVG(col)	DOUBLE	Returns the average of values	Both
MODE	MODE(col)	DOUBLE	Returns the most frequent value	Both
MINMAXRANGE	MINMAXRANGE(col)	DOUBLE	Returns the range (max - min)	Both
DISTINCTCOUNT	DISTINCTCOUNT(col)	INT	Returns the exact distinct count	Both
DISTINCTCOUNTHLL	DISTINCTCOUNTHLL(col [, log2m])	LONG	Approximate distinct count using HyperLogLog	Both
DISTINCTCOUNTHLLPLUS	DISTINCTCOUNTHLLPLUS(col [, p])	LONG	Approximate distinct count using HyperLogLog++	Both
DISTINCTCOUNTBITMAP	DISTINCTCOUNTBITMAP(col)	INT	Distinct count using bitmap	Both
DISTINCTCOUNTTHETASKETCH	DISTINCTCOUNTTHETASKETCH(col [, predicates...])	LONG	Distinct count using Theta Sketch	Both
DISTINCTCOUNTCPCSKETCH	DISTINCTCOUNTCPCSKETCH(col [, lgK])	LONG	Distinct count using CPC Sketch	Both
DISTINCTCOUNTULL	DISTINCTCOUNTULL(col [, p])	LONG	Distinct count using UltraLogLog	Both
DISTINCTSUM	DISTINCTSUM(col)	DOUBLE	Sum of distinct values	Both
DISTINCTAVG	DISTINCTAVG(col)	DOUBLE	Average of distinct values	Both
SEGMENTPARTITIONEDDISTINCTCOUNT	SEGMENTPARTITIONEDDISTINCTCOUNT(col)	LONG	Optimized distinct count for partitioned columns	Both
PERCENTILE	PERCENTILE(col, pct)	DOUBLE	Exact percentile value	Both
PERCENTILEEST	PERCENTILEEST(col, pct)	LONG	Estimated percentile using Quantile Digest	Both
PERCENTILETDIGEST	PERCENTILETDIGEST(col, pct)	DOUBLE	Estimated percentile using T-Digest	Both
PERCENTILEKLL	PERCENTILEKLL(col, pct)	DOUBLE	Estimated percentile using KLL Sketch	Both
HISTOGRAM	HISTOGRAM(col, binEdges...)	DOUBLE[]	Computes histogram over bin edges	Both
COVARPOP	COVARPOP(col1, col2)	DOUBLE	Population covariance	Both
COVARSAMP	COVARSAMP(col1, col2)	DOUBLE	Sample covariance	Both
VARPOP	VARPOP(col)	DOUBLE	Population variance	Both
VARSAMP	VARSAMP(col)	DOUBLE	Sample variance	Both
STDDEVPOP	STDDEVPOP(col)	DOUBLE	Population standard deviation	Both
STDDEVSAMP	STDDEVSAMP(col)	DOUBLE	Sample standard deviation	Both
SKEWNESS	SKEWNESS(col)	DOUBLE	Skewness of values	Both
KURTOSIS	KURTOSIS(col)	DOUBLE	Kurtosis of values	Both
FIRSTWITHTIME	FIRSTWITHTIME(dataCol, timeCol, 'type')	varies	Value associated with the earliest timestamp	Both
LASTWITHTIME	LASTWITHTIME(dataCol, timeCol, 'type')	varies	Value associated with the latest timestamp	Both
ANYVALUE	ANYVALUE(col)	varies	Returns any arbitrary value from the group	Both
BOOLAND	BOOLAND(col)	BOOLEAN	Logical AND across all values	Both
BOOLOR	BOOLOR(col)	BOOLEAN	Logical OR across all values	Both
EXPRMIN	EXPRMIN(measureCol, exprCol1, ...)	varies	Columns at the row with minimum measure	Both
EXPRMAX	EXPRMAX(measureCol, exprCol1, ...)	varies	Columns at the row with maximum measure	Both
FREQUENTSTRINGSSKETCH	FREQUENTSTRINGSSKETCH(col, maxMapSize)	STRING	Frequent items sketch for strings	Both
FREQUENTLONGSSKETCH	FREQUENTLONGSSKETCH(col, maxMapSize)	STRING	Frequent items sketch for longs	Both
FUNNELCOUNT	FUNNELCOUNT(stepCol, corCol, settings, step1, step2, ...)	LONG[]	Funnel step counts	Both
FUNNELMAXSTEP	FUNNELMAXSTEP(stepCol, corCol, settings, step1, step2, ...)	INT	Maximum funnel step reached	Both
FUNNELCOMPLETECOUNT	FUNNELCOMPLETECOUNT(stepCol, corCol, settings, step1, step2, ...)	INT	Count of completed funnels	Both
FUNNELSTEPDURATIONSTATS	FUNNELSTEPDURATIONSTATS(stepCol, corCol, tsCol, settings, step1, step2, ...)	STRING	Step duration statistics	Both
DISTINCTSUM	DISTINCTSUM(col)	DOUBLE	Sum of distinct values	Both
DISTINCTAVG	DISTINCTAVG(col)	DOUBLE	Average of distinct values	Both
SUMPRECISION	SUMPRECISION(col [, precision])	STRING	High-precision sum using BigDecimal	Both
ARRAYAGG	ARRAYAGG(col, 'type' [, distinct])	ARRAY	Aggregates values into an array	Both
LISTAGG	LISTAGG(col [, delimiter])	STRING	Aggregates values into delimited string	Both
SUMARRAYLONG	SUMARRAYLONG(arrCol)	LONG[]	Element-wise sum of long arrays	Both
SUMARRAYDOUBLE	SUMARRAYDOUBLE(arrCol)	DOUBLE[]	Element-wise sum of double arrays	Both

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String Functions

For full details, see String Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
UPPER	UPPER(str)	STRING	Converts string to uppercase	Both
LOWER	LOWER(str)	STRING	Converts string to lowercase	Both
INITCAP	INITCAP(str)	STRING	Capitalizes first letter of each word	Both
REVERSE	REVERSE(str)	STRING	Reverses the string	Both
SUBSTR	SUBSTR(str, start [, end])	STRING	Extracts substring by start/end position	Both
SUBSTRING	SUBSTRING(str, start [, length])	STRING	Extracts substring by start position and length	Both
LEFT	LEFT(str, length)	STRING	Returns leftmost N characters	Both
RIGHT	RIGHT(str, length)	STRING	Returns rightmost N characters	Both
CONCAT	CONCAT(str1, str2)	STRING	Concatenates two strings	Both
TRIM	TRIM(str)	STRING	Removes leading and trailing whitespace	Both
LTRIM	LTRIM(str)	STRING	Removes leading whitespace	Both
RTRIM	RTRIM(str)	STRING	Removes trailing whitespace	Both
LPAD	LPAD(str, size, pad)	STRING	Left-pads string to specified size	Both
RPAD	RPAD(str, size, pad)	STRING	Right-pads string to specified size	Both
LENGTH	LENGTH(str)	INT	Returns the length of the string	Both
STRPOS	STRPOS(str, find [, instance])	INT	Returns position of substring	Both
STRRPOS	STRRPOS(str, find [, instance])	INT	Returns last position of substring	Both
STARTSWITH	STARTSWITH(str, prefix)	BOOLEAN	Checks if string starts with prefix	Both
ENDSWITH	ENDSWITH(str, suffix)	BOOLEAN	Checks if string ends with suffix	Both
CONTAINS	CONTAINS(str, substring)	BOOLEAN	Checks if string contains substring	Both
REPLACE	REPLACE(str, target, replacement)	STRING	Replaces occurrences of target	Both
REMOVE	REMOVE(str, search)	STRING	Removes all occurrences of search string	Both
SPLIT	SPLIT(str, delimiter [, limit])	STRING[]	Splits string by delimiter	Both
SPLITPART	SPLITPART(str, delimiter, index)	STRING	Returns Nth part after splitting	Both
REPEAT	REPEAT(str, times)	STRING	Repeats string N times	Both
REGEXP_EXTRACT	REGEXP_EXTRACT(str, pattern [, group])	STRING	Extracts regex match from string	Both
CHR	CHR(codepoint)	STRING	Returns character for Unicode code point	Both
CODEPOINT	CODEPOINT(str)	INT	Returns Unicode code point of first character	Both
NORMALIZE	NORMALIZE(str [, form])	STRING	Normalizes Unicode string	Both
STRCMP	STRCMP(str1, str2)	INT	Compares two strings lexicographically	Both
HAMMINGDISTANCE	HAMMINGDISTANCE(str1, str2)	INT	Hamming distance between two strings	Both
LEVENSTEINDISTANCE	LEVENSTEINDISTANCE(str1, str2)	INT	Levenshtein edit distance	Both

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Math Functions

For full details, see Math Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
ABS	ABS(val)	DOUBLE	Absolute value	Both
CEIL / CEILING	CEIL(val)	DOUBLE	Rounds up to nearest integer	Both
FLOOR	FLOOR(val)	DOUBLE	Rounds down to nearest integer	Both
EXP	EXP(val)	DOUBLE	Euler's number raised to the power	Both
LN / LOG	LN(val)	DOUBLE	Natural logarithm	Both
LOG2	LOG2(val)	DOUBLE	Base-2 logarithm	Both
LOG10	LOG10(val)	DOUBLE	Base-10 logarithm	Both
SQRT	SQRT(val)	DOUBLE	Square root	Both
SIGN	SIGN(val)	DOUBLE	Sign of a number (-1, 0, 1)	Both
POW / POWER	POW(base, exp)	DOUBLE	Raises base to exponent	Both
MOD	MOD(a, b)	DOUBLE	Modulo operation	Both
ROUNDDECIMAL	ROUNDDECIMAL(val [, scale])	DOUBLE	Rounds to specified decimal places	Both
TRUNCATE	TRUNCATE(val [, scale])	DOUBLE	Truncates to specified decimal places	Both
DIV / DIVIDE	DIV(a, b [, default])	DOUBLE	Division with optional default for divide-by-zero	Both
INTDIV	INTDIV(a, b)	LONG	Integer division	Both
LEAST	LEAST(a, b)	DOUBLE	Returns the smaller of two values	Both
GREATEST	GREATEST(a, b)	DOUBLE	Returns the larger of two values	Both
GCD	GCD(a, b)	LONG	Greatest common divisor	Both
LCM	LCM(a, b)	LONG	Least common multiple	Both
HYPOT	HYPOT(a, b)	DOUBLE	Hypotenuse (sqrt(a^2 + b^2))	Both
NEGATE	NEGATE(val)	DOUBLE	Negates the value	Both
RAND	RAND([seed])	DOUBLE	Random number between 0 and 1	Both
SIN	SIN(val)	DOUBLE	Sine	Both
COS	COS(val)	DOUBLE	Cosine	Both
TAN	TAN(val)	DOUBLE	Tangent	Both
COT	COT(val)	DOUBLE	Cotangent	Both
ASIN	ASIN(val)	DOUBLE	Inverse sine	Both
ACOS	ACOS(val)	DOUBLE	Inverse cosine	Both
ATAN	ATAN(val)	DOUBLE	Inverse tangent	Both
ATAN2	ATAN2(y, x)	DOUBLE	Two-argument inverse tangent	Both
DEGREES	DEGREES(radians)	DOUBLE	Converts radians to degrees	Both
RADIANS	RADIANS(degrees)	DOUBLE	Converts degrees to radians	Both

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DateTime Functions

For full details, see DateTime Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
NOW	NOW()	LONG	Current timestamp in milliseconds	Both
AGO	AGO('period')	LONG	Timestamp for a period in the past	Both
TODATETIME	TODATETIME(millis, pattern [, tz])	STRING	Converts epoch millis to formatted string	Both
FROMDATETIME	FROMDATETIME(str, pattern [, tz])	LONG	Parses datetime string to epoch millis	Both
TOEPOCHSECONDS	TOEPOCHSECONDS(millis)	LONG	Converts millis to epoch seconds	Both
TOEPOCHMINUTES	TOEPOCHMINUTES(millis)	LONG	Converts millis to epoch minutes	Both
TOEPOCHHOURS	TOEPOCHHOURS(millis)	LONG	Converts millis to epoch hours	Both
TOEPOCHDAYS	TOEPOCHDAYS(millis)	LONG	Converts millis to epoch days	Both
FROMEPOCHSECONDS	FROMEPOCHSECONDS(seconds)	LONG	Converts epoch seconds to millis	Both
FROMEPOCHMINUTES	FROMEPOCHMINUTES(minutes)	LONG	Converts epoch minutes to millis	Both
FROMEPOCHHOURS	FROMEPOCHHOURS(hours)	LONG	Converts epoch hours to millis	Both
FROMEPOCHDAYS	FROMEPOCHDAYS(days)	LONG	Converts epoch days to millis	Both
TOEPOCHSECONDSROUNDED	TOEPOCHSECONDSROUNDED(millis, roundTo)	LONG	Converts millis to rounded epoch seconds	Both
TOEPOCHMINUTESROUNDED	TOEPOCHMINUTESROUNDED(millis, roundTo)	LONG	Converts millis to rounded epoch minutes	Both
TOEPOCHHOURSROUNDED	TOEPOCHHOURSROUNDED(millis, roundTo)	LONG	Converts millis to rounded epoch hours	Both
TOEPOCHSECONDSBUCKET	TOEPOCHSECONDSBUCKET(millis, bucket)	LONG	Buckets millis into epoch second intervals	Both
FROMEPOCHSECONDSBUCKET	FROMEPOCHSECONDSBUCKET(seconds, bucket)	LONG	Converts bucketed epoch seconds to millis	Both
DATETRUNC	DATETRUNC(unit, timeVal [, inputUnit [, tz [, outputUnit]]])	LONG	Truncates timestamp to specified granularity	Both
DATEBIN	DATEBIN(binWidth, sourceTs, originTs)	TIMESTAMP	Bins a timestamp into intervals	Both
TIMESTAMPADD / DATEADD	TIMESTAMPADD(unit, interval, ts)	LONG	Adds interval to timestamp	Both
TIMESTAMPDIFF / DATEDIFF	TIMESTAMPDIFF(unit, ts1, ts2)	LONG	Difference between two timestamps	Both
EXTRACT	EXTRACT(field FROM ts)	INT	Extracts date/time field from timestamp	Both
YEAR	YEAR(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts year	Both
QUARTER	QUARTER(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts quarter (1-4)	Both
MONTH	MONTH(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts month (1-12)	Both
WEEK	WEEK(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts ISO week of year	Both
DAYOFYEAR	DAYOFYEAR(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts day of year (1-366)	Both
DAYOFMONTH / DAY	DAYOFMONTH(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts day of month (1-31)	Both
DAYOFWEEK / DOW	DAYOFWEEK(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts day of week (1-7)	Both
HOUR	HOUR(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts hour (0-23)	Both
MINUTE	MINUTE(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts minute (0-59)	Both
SECOND	SECOND(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts second (0-59)	Both
MILLISECOND	MILLISECOND(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts millisecond (0-999)	Both
YEAROFWEEK	YEAROFWEEK(millis [, tz])	INT	Extracts ISO year-of-week	Both
TIMEZONEHOUR	TIMEZONEHOUR(tzId [, millis])	INT	UTC offset hours for timezone	Both
TIMEZONEMINUTE	TIMEZONEMINUTE(tzId [, millis])	INT	UTC offset minutes for timezone	Both
TOTIMESTAMP	TOTIMESTAMP(millis)	TIMESTAMP	Converts millis to SQL Timestamp	Both
FROMTIMESTAMP	FROMTIMESTAMP(ts)	LONG	Converts SQL Timestamp to millis	Both
DATETIMECONVERT	DATETIMECONVERT(col, inFormat, outFormat, granularity)	STRING/LONG	Converts datetime between formats	Both

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JSON Functions

For full details, see JSON Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
JSONPATH	JSONPATH(obj, path)	OBJECT	Evaluates JSONPath expression	Both
JSONPATHSTRING	JSONPATHSTRING(obj, path [, default])	STRING	Extracts string via JSONPath	Both
JSONPATHLONG	JSONPATHLONG(obj, path [, default])	LONG	Extracts long via JSONPath	Both
JSONPATHDOUBLE	JSONPATHDOUBLE(obj, path [, default])	DOUBLE	Extracts double via JSONPath	Both
JSONPATHARRAY	JSONPATHARRAY(obj, path)	OBJECT[]	Extracts array via JSONPath	Both
JSONPATHARRAYDEFAULTEMPTY	JSONPATHARRAYDEFAULTEMPTY(obj, path)	OBJECT[]	Extracts array, returns empty if null	Both
JSONPATHEXISTS	JSONPATHEXISTS(obj, path)	BOOLEAN	Checks if JSONPath exists	Both
JSONEXTRACTKEY	JSONEXTRACTKEY(obj, path)	STRING[]	Extracts keys at JSONPath	Both
JSONEXTRACTSCALAR	JSONEXTRACTSCALAR(json, path, type [, default])	varies	Extracts scalar value from JSON	Both
JSONFORMAT	JSONFORMAT(obj)	STRING	Serializes object to JSON string	Both
TOJSONMAPSTR	TOJSONMAPSTR(map)	STRING	Converts map to JSON string	Both
JSONSTRINGTOARRAY	JSONSTRINGTOARRAY(jsonStr)	LIST	Parses JSON string to array	Both
JSONSTRINGTOMAP	JSONSTRINGTOMAP(jsonStr)	MAP	Parses JSON string to map	Both
ISJSON	ISJSON(str)	BOOLEAN	Checks if string is valid JSON	Both

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Array Functions

For full details, see Array Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
ARRAY_AGG	ARRAY_AGG(col, 'type' [, distinct])	ARRAY	Aggregates values into an array	Both
LISTAGG	LISTAGG(col [, delimiter [, distinct]])	STRING	Aggregates values into a delimited string	Both
ARRAYLENGTH	ARRAYLENGTH(arr)	INT	Returns the length of an array	Both
ARRAYCONTAINSINT	ARRAYCONTAINSINT(arr, val)	BOOLEAN	Checks if integer array contains value	Both
ARRAYCONTAINSSTRING	ARRAYCONTAINSSTRING(arr, val)	BOOLEAN	Checks if string array contains value	Both
ARRAYCONCATINT	ARRAYCONCATINT(arr1, arr2)	INT[]	Concatenates two integer arrays	Both
ARRAYCONCATSTRING	ARRAYCONCATSTRING(arr1, arr2)	STRING[]	Concatenates two string arrays	Both
ARRAYDISTINCTINT	ARRAYDISTINCTINT(arr)	INT[]	Removes duplicates from integer array	Both
ARRAYDISTINCTSTRING	ARRAYDISTINCTSTRING(arr)	STRING[]	Removes duplicates from string array	Both
ARRAYINDEXOFINT	ARRAYINDEXOFINT(arr, val)	INT	Index of value in integer array	Both
ARRAYINDEXOFSTRING	ARRAYINDEXOFSTRING(arr, val)	INT	Index of value in string array	Both
ARRAYREMOVEINT	ARRAYREMOVEINT(arr, val)	INT[]	Removes first occurrence from integer array	Both
ARRAYREMOVESTRING	ARRAYREMOVESTRING(arr, val)	STRING[]	Removes first occurrence from string array	Both
ARRAYREVERSEINT	ARRAYREVERSEINT(arr)	INT[]	Reverses integer array	Both
ARRAYREVERSESTRING	ARRAYREVERSESTRING(arr)	STRING[]	Reverses string array	Both
ARRAYSLICEINT	ARRAYSLICEINT(arr, start, end)	INT[]	Extracts subarray from integer array	Both
ARRAYSLICESTRING	ARRAYSLICESTRING(arr, start, end)	STRING[]	Extracts subarray from string array	Both
ARRAYSORTINT	ARRAYSORTINT(arr)	INT[]	Sorts integer array ascending	Both
ARRAYSORTSTRING	ARRAYSORTSTRING(arr)	STRING[]	Sorts string array ascending	Both
ARRAYUNIONINT	ARRAYUNIONINT(arr1, arr2)	INT[]	Union of two integer arrays (unique)	Both
ARRAYUNIONSTRING	ARRAYUNIONSTRING(arr1, arr2)	STRING[]	Union of two string arrays (unique)	Both
ARRAYSOVERLAP	ARRAYSOVERLAP(arr1, arr2)	BOOLEAN	True if arrays share any element	Both
ARRAYSUMINT	ARRAYSUMINT(arr)	INT	Sum of integer array elements	Both
ARRAYSUMLONG	ARRAYSUMLONG(arr)	LONG	Sum of long array elements	Both
ARRAYTOSTRING	ARRAYTOSTRING(arr, delimiter [, null])	STRING	Joins array elements into string	Both
SUMARRAYLONG	SUMARRAYLONG(arrCol)	LONG	Aggregate: sums all elements across rows	Both
SUMARRAYDOUBLE	SUMARRAYDOUBLE(arrCol)	DOUBLE	Aggregate: sums all elements across rows	Both

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Hash Functions

For full details, see Hash Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
SHA	SHA(bytes)	STRING	SHA-1 hash	Both
SHA224	SHA224(bytes)	STRING	SHA-224 hash	Both
SHA256	SHA256(bytes)	STRING	SHA-256 hash	Both
SHA512	SHA512(bytes)	STRING	SHA-512 hash	Both
MD2	MD2(bytes)	STRING	MD2 hash	Both
MD5	MD5(bytes)	STRING	MD5 hash	Both
MURMURHASH2	MURMURHASH2(bytes)	INT	32-bit MurmurHash2	Both
MURMURHASH2UTF8	MURMURHASH2UTF8(str)	INT	32-bit MurmurHash2 for strings	Both
MURMURHASH3BIT32	MURMURHASH3BIT32(bytes, seed)	INT	32-bit MurmurHash3	Both
MURMURHASH3BIT64	MURMURHASH3BIT64(bytes, seed)	LONG	64-bit MurmurHash3	Both
MURMURHASH3BIT128	MURMURHASH3BIT128(bytes, seed)	BYTES	128-bit MurmurHash3	Both
CRC32	CRC32(bytes)	INT	32-bit CRC checksum	Both
CRC32C	CRC32C(bytes)	INT	32-bit CRC32C (Castagnoli)	Both
ADLER32	ADLER32(bytes)	INT	32-bit Adler checksum	Both

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URL Functions

For full details, see URL Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
URLPROTOCOL	URLPROTOCOL(url)	STRING	Extracts protocol/scheme	Both
URLDOMAIN	URLDOMAIN(url)	STRING	Extracts domain	Both
URLDOMAINWITHOUTWWW	URLDOMAINWITHOUTWWW(url)	STRING	Extracts domain without www prefix	Both
URLTOPLEVELDOMAIN	URLTOPLEVELDOMAIN(url)	STRING	Extracts top-level domain	Both
URLPORT	URLPORT(url)	INT	Extracts port number	Both
URLPATH	URLPATH(url)	STRING	Extracts path component	Both
URLQUERYSTRING	URLQUERYSTRING(url)	STRING	Extracts query string	Both
URLFRAGMENT	URLFRAGMENT(url)	STRING	Extracts fragment identifier	Both
EXTRACTURLPARAMETER	EXTRACTURLPARAMETER(url, name)	STRING	Extracts specific query parameter	Both
EXTRACTURLPARAMETERS	EXTRACTURLPARAMETERS(url)	STRING[]	Extracts all query parameters	Both
URLENCODE	URLENCODE(url)	STRING	URL-encodes a string	Both
URLDECODE	URLDECODE(url)	STRING	Decodes URL-encoded string	Both
CUTWWW	CUTWWW(url)	STRING	Removes www prefix from URL	Both
CUTQUERYSTRING	CUTQUERYSTRING(url)	STRING	Removes query string from URL	Both
CUTFRAGMENT	CUTFRAGMENT(url)	STRING	Removes fragment from URL	Both
CUTURLPARAMETER	CUTURLPARAMETER(url, name)	STRING	Removes specific query parameter	Both

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Binary Functions

For full details, see Binary Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
TOUTF8	TOUTF8(str)	BYTES	Converts string to UTF-8 bytes	Both
FROMUTF8	FROMUTF8(bytes)	STRING	Converts UTF-8 bytes to string	Both
TOASCII	TOASCII(str)	BYTES	Converts string to ASCII bytes	Both
FROMASCII	FROMASCII(bytes)	STRING	Converts ASCII bytes to string	Both
TOBASE64	TOBASE64(bytes)	STRING	Encodes bytes as Base64 string	Both
FROMBASE64	FROMBASE64(str)	BYTES	Decodes Base64 string to bytes	Both
BASE64ENCODE	BASE64ENCODE(bytes)	BYTES	Base64 encodes byte array	Both
BASE64DECODE	BASE64DECODE(bytes)	BYTES	Base64 decodes byte array	Both
HEXTOBYTES	HEXTOBYTES(hex)	BYTES	Converts hex string to bytes	Both
BYTESTOHEX	BYTESTOHEX(bytes)	STRING	Converts bytes to hex string	Both

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Geospatial Functions

For full details, see GeoSpatial Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
STPOINT	STPOINT(lng, lat)	BYTES	Creates a geometry point	Both
STPOLYGON	STPOLYGON(wkt)	BYTES	Creates a polygon from WKT	Both
STDISTANCE	STDISTANCE(geo1, geo2)	DOUBLE	Distance between two geometries	Both
STCONTAINS	STCONTAINS(geo1, geo2)	BOOLEAN	Tests if first geometry contains second	Both
STGEOMFROMTEXT	STGEOMFROMTEXT(wkt)	BYTES	Creates geometry from WKT	Both
STGEOMFROMWKB	STGEOMFROMWKB(wkb)	BYTES	Creates geometry from WKB	Both
STGEOMFROMGEOJSON	STGEOMFROMGEOJSON(json)	BYTES	Creates geometry from GeoJSON	Both
STGEOGFROMTEXT	STGEOGFROMTEXT(wkt)	BYTES	Creates geography from WKT	Both
STGEOGFROMWKB	STGEOGFROMWKB(wkb)	BYTES	Creates geography from WKB	Both
STGEOGFROMGEOJSON	STGEOGFROMGEOJSON(json)	BYTES	Creates geography from GeoJSON	Both
STASTEXT	STASTEXT(geo)	STRING	Converts geometry to WKT	Both
STASBINARY	STASBINARY(geo)	BYTES	Converts geometry to WKB	Both
STASGEOJSON	STASGEOJSON(geo)	STRING	Converts geometry to GeoJSON	Both
STGEOMETRYTYPE	STGEOMETRYTYPE(geo)	STRING	Returns geometry type	Both
TOSPHERICALGEOGRAPHY	TOSPHERICALGEOGRAPHY(geo)	BYTES	Converts geometry to spherical geography	Both
IDSET	IDSET(col [, params])	BYTES	Serialized IdSet for use with IN_ID_SET filter	Both
STUNION	STUNION(geoCol)	BYTES	Aggregation: union of geometries	Both

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Vector / Similarity Functions

For full details, see Vector Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
COSINEDISTANCE	COSINEDISTANCE(arr1, arr2)	DOUBLE	Cosine distance between two vectors	Both
INNERPRODUCT	INNERPRODUCT(arr1, arr2)	DOUBLE	Inner (dot) product of two vectors	Both
L1DISTANCE	L1DISTANCE(arr1, arr2)	DOUBLE	Manhattan distance between two vectors	Both
L2DISTANCE	L2DISTANCE(arr1, arr2)	DOUBLE	Euclidean distance between two vectors	Both
VECTORDIMS	VECTORDIMS(arr)	INT	Number of dimensions in a vector	Both
VECTORNORM	VECTORNORM(arr)	DOUBLE	L2 norm (magnitude) of a vector	Both

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IP Address Functions

For full details, see IP Address Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
ISSUBNETOF	ISSUBNETOF(prefix, addr)	BOOLEAN	Checks if IP address is in subnet	Both
IPPREFIX	IPPREFIX(addr, prefixLen)	STRING	Returns CIDR prefix for IP address	Both
IPSUBNETMIN	IPSUBNETMIN(prefix)	STRING	Returns lowest IP in subnet	Both
IPSUBNETMAX	IPSUBNETMAX(prefix)	STRING	Returns highest IP in subnet	Both

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Null Handling Functions

For full details, see Null Handling Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
IS NULL	col IS NULL	BOOLEAN	True if value is null	Both
IS NOT NULL	col IS NOT NULL	BOOLEAN	True if value is not null	Both
COALESCE	COALESCE(val1, val2, ...)	varies	Returns first non-null value	Both
NULLIF	NULLIF(val1, val2)	varies	Returns null if values are equal	Both
IS DISTINCT FROM	a IS DISTINCT FROM b	BOOLEAN	Null-safe inequality comparison	Both
IS NOT DISTINCT FROM	a IS NOT DISTINCT FROM b	BOOLEAN	Null-safe equality comparison	Both
CASE WHEN	CASE WHEN cond THEN val ... END	varies	Conditional expression	Both

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Type Conversion Functions

For full details, see Type Conversion Functions.

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
CAST	CAST(val AS type)	varies	Converts value to specified type	Both
BIGDECIMALTOBYTES	BIGDECIMALTOBYTES(decimal)	BYTES	Converts BigDecimal to bytes	Both
BYTESTOBIGDECIMAL	BYTESTOBIGDECIMAL(bytes)	BIGDECIMAL	Converts bytes to BigDecimal	Both
HEXDECIMALTOLONG	HEXDECIMALTOLONG(hex)	LONG	Converts hex string to long	Both
LONGTOHEXDECIMAL	LONGTOHEXDECIMAL(val)	STRING	Converts long to hex string	Both
TOUUIDBYTES	TOUUIDBYTES(uuid)	BYTES	Converts UUID string to bytes	Both
FROMUUIDBYTES	FROMUUIDBYTES(bytes)	STRING	Converts bytes to UUID string	Both

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Window Functions

For full details, see Window Functions.

Window functions require the multi-stage query engine (v2).

Function	Signature	Return Type	Description	Engine
ROW_NUMBER	ROW_NUMBER() OVER (...)	LONG	Sequential row number within partition	MSE
RANK	RANK() OVER (...)	LONG	Rank with gaps for ties	MSE
DENSE_RANK	DENSE_RANK() OVER (...)	LONG	Rank without gaps for ties	MSE
LAG	LAG(col [, offset [, default]]) OVER (...)	varies	Value from a preceding row	MSE
LEAD	LEAD(col [, offset [, default]]) OVER (...)	varies	Value from a following row	MSE
FIRST_VALUE	FIRST_VALUE(col) OVER (...)	varies	First value in the window frame	MSE
LAST_VALUE	LAST_VALUE(col) OVER (...)	varies	Last value in the window frame	MSE
SUM	SUM(col) OVER (...)	DOUBLE	Running/windowed sum	MSE
AVG	AVG(col) OVER (...)	DOUBLE	Running/windowed average	MSE
MIN	MIN(col) OVER (...)	DOUBLE	Running/windowed minimum	MSE
MAX	MAX(col) OVER (...)	DOUBLE	Running/windowed maximum	MSE
COUNT	COUNT(col) OVER (...)	LONG	Running/windowed count	MSE
BOOL_AND	BOOL_AND(col) OVER (...)	BOOLEAN	Windowed boolean AND	MSE
BOOL_OR	BOOL_OR(col) OVER (...)	BOOLEAN	Windowed boolean OR	MSE